Full Course Description

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Essential Visual Anatomy: Discover How Vision Deficits Affect Function, Learning, Behavior, and School Outcomes

Most significant visual impediments are game-changers – if not addressed, no therapeutic intervention will be successful. You will better serve your clients if you understand the mechanics of visual function and how the brain and eyes work together.  Learn how to discern whether what you’re seeing is an effect of a visual impediment, and most importantly, what to do about it.  This training is the first step to becoming a vision-aware clinician: you’ll improve your efficiency and get your clients to where they need to be sooner.

Program Information

Objectives

1. Apply foundational principles of human neurology to elucidate their role in shaping visual perception and its influence on occupational performance. 
2. Investigate the intricate structures of the eye, retina, optic nerve, and visual pathways to comprehend their impact on spatial awareness, motor movements, and cognitive processes. 
3. Examine the interplay between visual and vestibular systems, uncovering their impact on gaze control, coordination, and the prevention of discomfort. 
4. Explore the pervasive role of vision in diverse daily activities, from motor planning and obstacle avoidance to emotion recognition and communication.

Outline

• Major Human Neurological Principles
  • Major functional systems are similarly organized
  • Neurons at each synaptic relay are organized into a neural map of the body
  • The cerebral cortex is concerned with cognition 
  • The thalamus is an essential link between sensory receptors and the cerebral cortex for all modalities except for olfaction
  • Psychophysics relates physical properties of stimuli to sensations. Tests like TVPS do not. 
• Anatomic Directions and Planes
• Anatomic Features of the Eye
• Neurology
  • Retina
  • Optic Chiasm
  • Optic Tract
  • Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) (if you want to know how systems integrate, look at how they are physically integrated, consider LGN and MGN)
  • Calcarine Fissure
  • Autonomic Innervation of the Ocular Structures
  • Cranial Nerves Involved in Vision
• Extraocular Muscles
  • Ductions
• Common Concerns Involving Vision and Visual Function
  • ADHD/Attention Deficits
  • Reading disabilities
  • Emotional Disturbances
  • Headache
  • Diplopia (double vision) and blur
  • Learning disabilities
  • Fine motor deficits
  • Brain injury/TBI
  • Acute / chronic spatial awareness / balance issues
  • Sport / Performance Deficits
  • Low Visual Perceptual Testing Results
  • Receptive and Productive Language Deficits
• Discussion 
  • The limitations of anatomy: why anatomy is critical, but not the whole picture.

Target Audience

• Occupational Therapists
• Physical Therapists
• Educators
• Pediatric/Educational psychologists
• Family Doctors/Pediatricians
• Other health professionals working in rehabilitation (geriatrics, TBI)
• Other professionals working in child development

Copyright : 08/01/2022

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Vision Assessment: Detecting Visual Impediments to Learning and Development

There is nothing more frustrating than suspecting something might be wrong, but not being able to put your finger on it.  

Today’s children are falling through the cracks of the medical system with little to no support or appropriate follow up for vision related concerns.  What you don’t know about vision is costing you, costing your clients.  
This program gently introduces you to the critically important world of vision assessment for children.  From infants through to the school years, you’ll uncover the core concepts of vision development and testing including: 

• What’s missing from common vision testing?  
• Build your vision literacy!
• Special age-based considerations for testing
• Words jumping around on the page? Is it a reading problem, or an oculomotor problem? 

Understanding testing opens the door to understanding the various unaddressed elements of vision that are interfering with your client care. With the broad and deep impacts of vision on daily function – this knowledge will make an immediate difference in your stalled cases. 
 

Program Information

Objectives

1. Assess core factors in human vision development.
2. Investigate common vision problems and how often they occur.
3. Determine optimal timetable for comprehensive eye and vision examinations for infants and children (newborn through 18 years of age)
4. Assess appropriate procedures to effectively examine the eye health, visual functional status, and ocular manifestations of systemic disease in infants and children. 
5. Reduce the risks and adverse effects of eye and vision problems in infants and children through prevention, education, early diagnosis, treatment and management with optometrists and other care providers.
6. Integrate education for patients, parents/caregivers, and other health care providers about the importance of eye health and good vision, and the role it plays in child development, learning, and rehabilitation. 
7. Determine how Visual Impediments to Learning and Development (VILD) can interfere with therapy, testing, and achievement. 
8. Evaluate some limits to vision testing. 

Outline

Pediatric Vision & Development

• Epidemiology of Eye and Vision Disorders in Children 
• Access to Care 
• Costs of Eye and Vision Disorders in Children
• Early Detection and Prevention of Eye and Vision Disorders

Comprehensive Pediatric Eye and Vision Examination 

• General Considerations for Each Age Group
  • Infants and Toddlers 
  • Preschool Children 
  • School-age Children 
• Examination Procedures 
• Patient History 
• Testing Specifics for Infants and Toddlers, Preschool and School-Age Children
  • Visual Acuity 
  • Refraction                     
  • Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility
  • Color Vision

Ocular and Systemic Health Assessment 

• Assessment of Pupillary Responses 
• Visual Field Evaluation 
• Evaluation of the Ocular Anterior Segment and Adnexa
• Evaluation of the Ocular Posterior Segment 
• Measurement of Intraocular Pressure 

Supplemental Testing 

• Electrodiagnostic Testing 
• Imaging 
• Testing for Learning-related Vision Problems 

Children with Special Needs 

• At-risk Children 
• Developmental Disabilities 

Trauma and Ocular Manifestations of Child Abuse/ Neglect 

• Trauma (Accidental)
• Ocular Manifestations of Child Abuse and Neglect (Non-accidental) 
• Potential Benefits and Harms of Testing 

Discussion: Limits to testing and measurements

• Variance in measurement – how accurate are your readings? 
• Repeatability – should values be repeatable? 
• Validity – what do these tests mean? 
• Yield – what do these tests reveal? 

Target Audience

• Occupational Therapists
• Physical Therapists
• Educators
• Pediatric/Educational psychologists
• Family Doctors/Pediatricians
• Other health professionals working in rehabilitation (geriatrics, TBI)
• Other professionals working in child development

Copyright : 12/01/2022

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Prism and the Vestibular System – Vision, Balance, and Behavioral Dysfunction

Vestibular function goes hand in hand with visual function. When you understand how these systems are intertwined, you can immediately resolve vision-related health and function concerns in many clinical populations: headache, diplopia (double-vision), blur, reading and learning deficits and discomfort, attention problems, photophobia (light sensitivity). Explore:

- How visual-vestibular dysfunction impacts brain injury treatment

- The role of oculomotor and vestibular dysfunction in reading disability and praxis

- Testing techniques that you can modify in your own practice: BPPV, Post-rotational nystagmus, peripheral vs. central visual fields, strabismus and other ocular restrictions.

- Opportunities for “coordinated firing” with multimodal experiences to promote the integration of visual and vestibular function.

- Use of prism in visual perceptual, visuomotor, and oculomotor therapies

- Training full body awareness, sensorimotor conditioning, visual-vestibular patterning with evidence-based tools

Accelerate and bolster outcomes in visuomotor, oculomotor, and perceptual training with simple tests and techniques you can implement right away.

Program Information

Objectives

1. Analyze the impact of visual-vestibular dysfunction on occupation.
2. Apply modified testing techniques to assess ocular restrictions.
3. Develop multimodal strategies to promote integration of visual and vestibular function.
4. Create individualized vestibular training plans for improved occupational performance.
5. Evaluate the role of oculomotor skills in functional visual performance.

Outline

The Vision and Vestibular Link - Part 1: Foundations

1. The Mind and the Mindness State – The Role of Motricity in Cognition
2. The Human Case: Centering in Space
3. A core function of mammalian neurology, human neurology, is to ‘find and maintain centre’.
4. Our sense of being as well as our anchor for motricity rely on this ability to self-orient.
   1. This is the foundation for our learning, our personalities, our sense of personal security.
5. When this spatial grounding is in disorder or disrupted, critical voluntary/reflex muscle responses and mental processes fail.
6. Personal Spatial Stability – What it Provides
7. Vestibular/Auditory Anatomy
8. The sense of security in positioning and stability in space is predicated on three primary senses being healthy and well-integrated.
9. Impact of Discordance Between Visual, Vestibular, and Somatic Signalling
10. Our intuitive sense of space arises from our natural neurological predisposition
11. Review of 8 cranial nerves involved in visual function.
12. Visual Anatomy: Ambient (Peripheral) vs Central (Focal) Visual Pathways
13. We view the world through two eyes but also through two distinct visual systems:
    1. Central Visual Pathway vs Peripheral Visual Pathway.
    2. This is volitional as well as reflexive.
14. Bi-foveation, suppression, diplopia. Visual Fusion Drives Ocular Function.
    1. Ambient (Peripheral) vs Central (Focal) Visual Pathways
15. The Role of Neural Sensory Afferents – The Chair of Vision
    1. Visual input stabilizes vestibular function
    2. Vestibular input stabilizes visual function
16. The Role of Auditory Input In Visual Function
17. Elements of Strong/Robust Visual Process
18. Overview of Human Visuo-Vestibular Function
19. Vestibular Function (The Role of the Vestibulum)
20. Somatosensation
    1. Types of somatic receptors.
    2. Role of somatosensation in oculomotor targeting.
    3. Teaching somatic awareness.
    4. Skin/body hypersensitivity can be modulated.
21. The Role of Motor Afferents/Input
22. The Importance of EOM Proprioception
23. Neurological Representation of Peripersonal (Near) vs. Extrapersonal (Tele-personal or ‘Far’) Space
24. Vestibular Function is Neurologically Tightly Intertwined with Visual Function
25. How to tell if dizziness is related to vestibular dysfunction
26. The role of visual impediments on vestibular function.
27. Ametropias / Anisometropias
28. The role of optics.
29. Strabismus
30. Amblyopia/suppression
31. Nystagmus.
32. Ruling out medical / anatomical / physiological causes
33. Behavioural / Developmental Optometry is a good place to start.
34. When to refer, and to whom.
35. Notes on vision-based psychological/cognitive probes.
36. Receptor-based Dizziness/Vertigo
    1. BPPV and why Dix-Hallpike / Epley have a narrow clinical application.
37. What is left is conditioning, therefore trainable.
38. References & Resources
39. Additional Notes on the Neurological Representation of Peripersonal and Far Space

The Vision and Vestibular Link - Part 2: Practice

1. Introduction to the program.
2. Vision, then, is at the root of cognition and goes beyond simple eyesight. 
3. Introduction to Vestibular Tools of the Trade

 Prism Goggles / Yoked Prism, weighted blankets, bare feet, sit/bouncing balls, ‘Bosu’ or standing balls, cardboard tubes, ‘plus’ and ‘minus’ lens flippers/trial frames up to +/- 2D, large mirrors, laser pointers, anaglyphic filters, penlight, pens.

4. BPPV – Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
5. Which side is affected in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)?
6. General notes on repositioning techniques
   1. Dix-Hallpike Test
   2. Epley Maneuver
7. Ambient/Peripheral Fields vs. Central Fields and Depth Perception
   1. Central acuity
   2. Perimetry (measurement of peripheral fields)
   3. ‘Static’ vs ‘dynamic’ Acuity Testing
   4. Visual acuity charts vs Amsler Grid testing, Confrontational Fields, Automated perimetry
   5. Demo of Confrontation Fields
8. Next Steps – Oculomotor Testing
   1. Demo of Simple EOM testing – looking for misalignment and difficult vergence at near.
   2. Saccades/pursuits and the NSUCO Oculomotor Test
9. Additional examples of EOM Testing
   1. Nielsen Fixations: Spatial-Motor Training
   2. OKR (Optokinetic Response) Response – What it tells us.
   3. OKN Drum demo.
10. Post-Rotary (rotational) Nystagmus (PRN) Testing
    1. OKN v VOR stimulus
    2. Basic Methods of Testing
    3. Validity of PRN Testing
    4. Modification of the post-rotary nystagmus test for evaluating young children
    5. Normative PRN groups and reasons for differences.
    6. Discussion re: Cortical vs developmental PRN
    7. Limits of PRN testing in Children
11. Prism
    1. Introduction to Prism Optical Basics
    2. Real Life Example of Prism in Strabismus
    3. ‘Yoked’ prism. 
    4. Prism adaptation
    5. Alignment of Prism: the importance of orientation.
    6. Exercising Caution When Using Prism
12. Using prism with motor skills training – Introduction.
    1. Defining Posture: Phoria vs Strabismus
    2. General Vestibular Training
    3. General Practice – Easy At-Home Practice
    4. Low Tolerance / ‘Medical’ Training
13. Notes on Binasal Occlusion
14. Use of compliant surfaces/Sit Balls
15. Team Walking
16. Chair Spinning
17. Core Four: Swimming, Climbing, Martial Arts, Yoga
18. The Great Outdoors
    1. Swinging: 15 min of free swinging can have lasting effects on attention deficits and motor overflow.
    2. Walking: Flat vs. uneven surfaces.
    3. Walk-Spin / Spin-Targeting
    4. Playgrounds
19. Vestibular Training and Nausea - Commentary
20. Things I Couldn’t Get In This Class
    1. Near Range
    2. EOM Testing – Restrictions in movement can cause vestibular effects.
    3. Distance Range
21. Notes and Comments
    1. Read/Buy these (Amazon)
    2. Investigate / Explore – Easy cost-effective resources.
    3. Commercial solutions.

Target Audience

• Physical Therapists
• Occupational Therapists
• Osteopathic Doctors
• Medical Doctors

Copyright : 01/02/2023

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Physiological Optics: An Introduction to Human Sight and Vision

Physiological optics is how the brain uses the eyes to create clear, aligned imaging for downstream processing – and the challenges it faces in making this happen. Where there is a visual impediment due to trauma or development, visual signal acquisition will be affected and in turn degrades downstream processing. If you consider all that is connected to vision, you’ll start to get an idea of what this can mean: Cognition, Affect / Emotional Function, Fine Motor Control, Gross Motor Coordination, Locomotion, Balance, Orientation / Motor Reflex Responses, Obstacle / Threat Avoidance – it’s everything! 

• Advance your understanding of human vision and how it plays into the work you do.  
• Learn about sight (visual signal acquisition), glasses, and how these affect behavior, learning, and rehabilitation.
• How people receive light naturally and what it is like to have nearsight, farsight, astigmatism, and more.
• What our eyes do to try to accommodate for any lack of clarity.
• How this affects us in daily life and in clinic.
• What can and should be done about it, accounting for purpose and age.

Vision is a complex neurological experience the most complex sensory experience.  Explore a down to earth introduction to refraction, how we focus light with our eyes to see the world clearly – and what happens when things go awry. 
 

Program Information

Objectives

1. Analyze the impact of visual signal acquisition on occupational performance.
2. Differentiate between the essential refractive conditions: nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, anisometropia, aniseikonia, presbyopia.
3. Evaluate the neurophysiological basis of vision on occupational engagement.
4. Examine the impact of sensory attention on occupational performance.
5. Apply practical understanding of eye charts and glasses prescriptions to occupational scenarios.
6. Develop individualized strategies for visual impediments in occupational contexts.
7. Integrate knowledge of vision into care plan development.

Outline

Visual Signal Acquisition – Finding What is Important

• The mechanical side to vision
  • Pursuits
  • Saccades
  • Vergence
  • Versions
  • Fixation
  • Posture
  • Alignment
  • Focus/Accommodation
  • Central vs. peripheral awareness
  • Eyesight/refractive state

Visual Signal Processing – Making Sense of What is Seen

• Visual discrimination
• Visual memory
• Spatial relationships
• Form constancy
• Sequential memory
• Figure-ground
• Visual closure
• Spatial awareness
• Visualization

Neurophysiology of Vision

• Emmetropia
• Astigmatism 
• Hyperopia
• Myopia
• Presbyopia
• Anisometropia

Sensory Attention

• Eyesight vs. vision – a behavioral perspective 

Eye Charts & Glasses Prescriptions

• 20/20 and the Limits of Human Sight
• Sphere, astigmatism and auto-refractor examples

Target Audience

• Physical Therapist 
• Physical Therapist Assisstant
• Occupational Therapist
• Occupational Therapist Assisstant
• Doctors of Optometry
• Athletic Trainer

Copyright : 05/02/2023

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Visual Rehabilitation for Adults: Strategies to Improve Overall Function and Reduce Fall Risk

When your patient has vision deficits, even your most tried-and-true therapy protocols can quickly go off the rails, dramatically limiting your effectiveness and halting progress in a variety of frustrating ways:

• Poor performance of tasks/exercises
• Frequent falls
• Avoidance of ADLs
• Increased functional dependence
• Noncompliance with home programs
• Reading/communication problems
• Limited hand-eye coordination
• Gait and posture dysfunction

Here’s the good news. Vision deficits don’t have to limit you or your patients ever again. You’ll learn a powerful framework for vision rehabilitation that has helped countless therapists and their patients overcome these challenges.

Whether your patients are adults with diabetic retinopathy or stroke survivors with vision perception problems, you’ll transform your practice with innovative interventions that accelerate progress for outcomes that will earn you referrals.

Program Information

Objectives

1. Investigate current research supporting the role of vision in function and falls in the adult population.
2. Assess the need for up-to-date eye exams and the best doctors to provide those examinations.
3. Articulate the basic anatomy and physiology of the visual system and the changes that may occur with age.
4. Assess the adult visual system and document appropriately.
5. Develop a treatment plan to improve visual skills.
6. Evaluate common visual diagnosis found in the adult patient.
7. Differentiate between neglect and visual field cuts in neurological patients.

Outline

How Vision Deficits Create Unseen Therapy Roadblocks with…

• Neurological disorders
  • Stroke
  • TBI
  • Parkinson’s
• Balance, posture and gait
• ADLs
• Reading, communication and cognition
• Driving

Spot Vision Deficits Early to Avoid Progress Plateaus

• Vision anatomy and its impact on function
• Understanding your patient’s vision complaints and history
• Comprehensive vision assessment, step-bystep
• Questions to ask when a patient is “legally blind” to get useful information about their vision
• Adapt and improve therapy using assessment findings

Game-Changing Vision Rehab Interventions

• Practice proven techniques you can use immediately to:
  • Increase safety during ambulation and transfers
  • Reduce falls
  • Reduce dizziness and motion sensitivity
  • Improve posture and gait
  • Improve compliance with home exercise
  • programs and prescriptions
  • Improve performance of ADLs
  • Improve reading and communication
  • Increase functional independence
  • Improve depth perception
  • Eliminate double vision
  • Improve peripheral awareness
  • Expand visual fields

Combine Multiple Approaches More Effectively for Better Outcomes

• Integrate visual, vestibular and proprioception to improve results
• Combine conventional treatment with ocular motor components

Design Advanced, Innovative Plans for Care for Your Adult Patients

• Practice effective strategies for resolving functional deficits caused by:
• Double vision
• Visual field cuts
• Poor spatial awareness

Case Studies: Put Knowledge to Practice

• Case study 1: The question to ask to get to visual causes of dysfunction
• Case Study 2: The role of vision history in current functional ability
• Case Study 3: Recognize the multiple complaints that indicate a faulty visual system

Maximize Your Reimbursement

• Coding and billing updates for vision rehabilitation
• Justify therapy with the right progress measures
• Avoid denials and audits with these tips

Target Audience

• Physical Therapists
• Physical Therapist Assistants
• Occupational Therapists
• Occupational Therapy Assistants
• Speech and Language Pathologists

Copyright : 06/04/2022

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Concussions and Other Brain Injuries: Addressing Ongoing Visual Consequences

When a patient has suffered an injury to the brain, treating the problems that arise is challenging. From dizziness and blurred vision to recurring headaches, your patients are suffering.

You’ve done all the tried and true methods for addressing the vestibular aspects, but your patient is still experiencing issues daily. How often have you felt like you’re missing a piece of the puzzle? Your techniques may be falling short because they only address the vestibular aspects of the concussion – when in fact, the visual system is playing a significant role.

Robert Constantine, OTR/L, will bring 20+ years of clinical experience to the table to help you quickly identify and treat many of the issues that commonly follow mild brain injury:

• Headaches
• Light sensitivity
• Balance problems
• Blurred vision
• Double Vision

Though there is widespread media attention for the importance of understanding and treating concussions yet there is a lack of the specialized doctors in many parts of the country. When you purchase, you will leave with insight as to how you can become the go to resource for patients suffering from concussions or mild TBI. From a simple vision trick that can improve your patient’s balance and motion sensitivity in minutes to several DIY tools – this seminar will pave the way to recovery for your patients.

Program Information

Objectives

1. Identify the visual consequences of concussion.
2. Investigate the anatomy and physiology that causes dysfunction in the visual system following concussion.
3. Appraise the dynamic focusing process of near vision focusing.
4. Assess eye movements and near vision system using the same techniques the doctors use.
5. Apply evidence-based techniques to improve visual dysfunction after concussion.
6. Design simple tools and technology devices use in concussion rehabilitation.

Outline

Pathology & Pathways of the Brain

• Anatomy from cornea to cortex
• Cranial nerves
• ”What” vs “Where” pathways
• Post-concussion syndrome
• Mild TBI
• Female concussion
• Associated visual problems

Assessment Strategies to Quickly Identify Visual Problems

• Two questions for objective measurement of concussion syndrome
• Ocular Motor assessment
• Assessing Near Vision Focusing
• Standardized Symptom Assessments

Integrate Systems for Faster Recovery

• Ocular motor, balance and proprioceptive
• Accommodative disorders
• Convergence problems
• Saccade inaccuracies

Questions Answered: Tackle the Most Common Concerns

• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Blurred and double vision
• Motion sensitivity
• Light sensitivity
• Tolerance of computer screens

Simple Tricks and Tools that Improve Symptoms

• What you need to know about glasses
• DIY tools
• Prism
• Lenses
• Brock string
• Magic Scotch Tape

Quick Tips for Documentation Success

• Saccades, Tracking/Pursuits and convergence
• Cheat sheet for ocular motor skills and common eye pathologies
• When to refer on? ODD vs. MD vs VT
• Referral guide for vision complaints

Target Audience

• Physical Therapists
• Physical Therapy Assistants
• Occupational Therapists
• Occupational Therapy Assistants
• Physician Assistants

Copyright : 10/22/2020

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Visual Rehab After Neurological Events: Seeing the World Through New Eyes

Feeling lost in determining a treatment plan with a neurological client? Have you asked yourself:

• What is the best evidence-based therapy protocol?
• How do you know if you are facing a field loss or a neglect?
• How do you determine visual function when your client is confused?
• Is this a vision or cognitive impairment?

Michelle has been in that fog and come out the other side with wonderful, functional, and cost-conscious options to show and share. She sustains that therapy should be specific to the client’s challenge and that requires an astute awareness of the impairment. This insight comes from clear assessments that are revealed in this course, along with functional treatment interventions to ensure successful therapy sessions. Michelle shares anecdotes and case studies that highlight how the protocols can be put in to practice. These stories assist in enlightening the inexperienced therapist and commiserating with the experienced therapist. The course content is largely interactive and offers numerous lab sessions proving the engaging experience that therapists crave!

Program Information

Objectives

1. Articulate an understanding of vision-based rehabilitation and the rehabilitation process.
2. Articulate the description of ocular motor skill impairment, visual field loss, visual spatial inattention and midline syndrome.
3. Demonstrate competent assessment of ocular motor skills, visual field loss, visual spatial inattention and midline syndrome.
4. Distinguish the difference between field impairment and neglect.
5. Prescribe treatment interventions for ocular motor skills, visual field loss, visual spatial inattention and midline syndrome.
6. Demonstrate effective documentation of assessment and intervention to justify skilled services.

Outline

Visual Rehab Following A Neurological Event

• Red flags
• Sequence of action
• When should you refer?
• Relationship of eye/brain anatomy to perception/processing

Diagnosis: Visual Acuity & Visual Fixation

• Screening methods
• Treatment and compensation strategies
• Visual fixation for the low functioning client
• Advanced technology options

Diagnosis: Ocular Motor Alignment & Depth Perception

• Determine the diagnosis
• Cover/uncover test
• Assessment, demonstration & lab practice
• Establish treatment protocols

Diagnosis: Visual Field Cut

• Anatomical review of the visual pathway
• Determine the diagnosis
• Assessment, demonstration & lab practice
• Peripheral test
• Confrontation test
• Establish treatment protocols

Diagnosis: Hemi-Spatial Neglect & Pusher Syndrome/Midline Orientation Shift

• Determine the diagnosis
• Differentiate between cut and neglect
• Why is left neglect more common than right?
• Assessment, demonstration & lab practice
• Simultaneous stimulus test
• Pencil and paper screeners
• Neuro handling principles
• Positioning strategies to rehabilitate
• Establish treatment protocols for neglect

Documentation & Advocacy For Coverage

• Objective data to incorporate
• Demonstrating improvement
• Develop goals for justification

Target Audience

• Occupational Therapists
• Certified Occupational Therapy Assistants
• Physical Therapists
• Physical Therapist Assistants
• Speech-Language Pathologists
• Nurse Practitioners
• Physician Assistants
• Nurses
• Physicians

Copyright : 12/29/2022

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